Verify vs Prove
"Verify" is weaker than "prove", and a verification usually involves checking a finite number of cases or carrying out some routine calculations.
"Verify Goldbachs' conjecture for all even integers less than 1 million" - tedious but straightforward
"Prove Goldbach's conjecture" - much more difficult !
Verify means "check", used when you need to check some details or whether an argument is true (in for example an already given proof).
Prove means that you need to show something is true by finding the argument yourself.