VMware Tools for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial

Check out the "vmhgfs-fuse" command.

I was able to do the following:

I made a directory to mount the hgfs share, let's call it ~/vmshare. Then I did:

vmhgfs-fuse ~/vmshare

On my system, with the same version of open-vm-tools that you are using, that properly mounted the shared disk into ~/vmshare/.

If you do not want the share in your user's home directory, you'll probably have to use sudo and additional parameters to vmhgfs-fuse.