VueJS 2 - How to Pass Parameters Using $emit

Pass it as a parameter to $emit.

methods: {
    showModal(name) { this.bus.$emit('showModal', name); },
}

created() {
    this.bus.$on('showModal', (name) => alert(name));
}

Also, if you want to give the modal a name, you need to accept it as a prop in the modal component.

Vue.component("modal",{
    props:["name"],
    ...
})

Then I assume you will want to do something like,

if (name == this.name)
    //show the modal