VueJS access child component's data from parent

For this kind of structure It's good to have some kind of Store.

VueJS provide solution for that, and It's called Vuex.If you are not ready to go with Vuex, you can create your own simple store.

Let's try with this

MarkdownStore.js

export default {

 data: {
   items: []
 },

 // Methods that you need, for e.g fetching data from server etc.

 fetchData() {
   // fetch logic
 }

}

And now you can use those data everywhere, with importing this Store file

HomeView.vue

import MarkdownStore from '../stores/MarkdownStore'

export default {

 data() {
   sharedItems: MarkdownStore.data
 },

 created() {
   MarkdownStore.fetchData()
 }

}

So that's the basic flow that you could use, If you dont' want to go with Vuex.

In my child component, there are no buttons to emit changed data. It's a form with somewhat 5~10 inputs. the data will be submitted once you click the process button in another component. so, I can't emit every property when it's changing.

So, what I did,

In my parent component, I can access child's data from "ref"

e.g

<markdown ref="markdowndetails"></markdown>
<app-button @submit="process"></app-button>

// js
methods:{
    process: function(){
        // items is defined object inside data()
        var markdowns = this.$refs.markdowndetails.items 
    }
}

Note: If you do this all over the application I suggest move to vuex instead.

what is the best practice for passing down oberservable data/parameters, so that when it's modified by child components I have access to the new values?

The flow of props is one way down, a child should never modify its props directly.

For a complex application, vuex is the solution, but for a simple case vuex is an overkill. Just like what @Belmin said, you can even use a plain JavaScript object for that, thanks to the reactivity system.

Another solution is using events. Vue has already implemented the EventEmitter interface, a child can use this.$emit('eventName', data) to communicate with its parent.

The parent will listen on the event like this: (@update is the shorthand of v-on:update)

<child :value="value" @update="onChildUpdate" />

and update the data in the event handler:

methods: {
  onChildUpdate (newValue) {
    this.value = newValue
  }
}

Here is a simple example of custom events in Vue:
http://codepen.io/CodinCat/pen/ZBELjm?editors=1010

This is just parent-child communication, if a component needs to talk to its siblings, then you will need a global event bus, in Vue.js, you can just use an empty Vue instance:

const bus = new Vue()

// In component A
bus.$on('somethingUpdated', data => { ... })

// In component B
bus.$emit('somethingUpdated', newData)