Web Application Problems (web.config errors) HTTP 500.19 with IIS7.5 and ASP.NET v2

I had these exact symptoms and my issue was similar to Peter's. Was setting up an existing project on a new server. My project referenced the IIS7 URL Rewriting module, but that hadn't been installed yet on the new server. Installing it fixed my issue.

You can use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install it. Execute it, select Products, in the left menu select Server and find URL Rewrite in the list and install it.

Or you can download it here.

After battling with this for a day on a new machine I came across the following links. I was missing the rewrite modules. This fixed everything.

http://forums.iis.net/t/1176834.aspx

http://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/460/using-the-url-rewrite-module/

Aha! I beat this problem! My god, it was a beast for someone like me with limited IIS experience. I really thought I was going to be spending all weekend fixing it.

Here's the solution for anyone else who ever comes this evil problem.

First thing to be aware of: If you're hoping this is your solution, make sure that you have the same Error Code (0x8007000d) and Config Source (-1: 0:). If not, this isn't your solution.

Next thing to be aware of: AJAX is not properly installed in your web.config!

Fix that by following this guide:
http://www.asp.net/AJAX/documentation/live/ConfiguringASPNETAJAX.aspx

Then, install the AJAX 1.0 extensions on your production server, from this link:

http://www.asp.net/ajax/downloads/archive/
Update: Microsoft seems to have removed the above page :(

That's it!