What are the known issues for Magento versions?

Yes but they're having some maintenance (same with discussion board) so I'm not sure if it's updated recently.

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Edit: It's working again, you can visit it by clicking through this link:
http://www.magentocommerce.com/bug-tracking/list
This list can be sorted by Magento version where bug occured.

If you want to report a new bug:
http://www.magentocommerce.com/bug-tracking

Release notes exists, but I don't think there is any (community) ran list for all the issues.