What are the 'ref' and 'sealed' keywords in C++?
sealed
in C++/CLI is roughly equivalent to final
in C++11.
If you are interested in the new C++/CX use of these keywords to project WinRT APIs into MS Visual C++, you may enjoy this video: http://channel9.msdn.com/events/BUILD/BUILD2011/TOOL-532T with these slides: http://video.ch9.ms/build/2011/slides/TOOL-532T_Sutter.pptx . See esp. slides 8-13. There are other talks with yet more information referenced on slide 29.
This is C++/CLI.
A ref class
is a managed type.sealed
means that the class cannot be inherited
Thus summary is that "ref" and "sealed" are not standard C++ keywords. They are used in microsoft version.