What does enumerable mean?

An enumerable property is one that can be included in and visited during for..in loops (or a similar iteration of properties, like Object.keys()).

If a property isn't identified as enumerable, the loop will ignore that it's within the object.

var obj = { key: 'val' };

console.log('toString' in obj); // true
console.log(typeof obj.toString); // "function"

for (var key in obj)
    console.log(key); // "key"

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A property is identified as enumerable or not by its own [[Enumerable]] attribute. You can view this as part of the property's descriptor:

var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor({ bar: 1 }, 'bar');

console.log(descriptor.enumerable); // true
console.log(descriptor.value);      // 1

console.log(descriptor);
// { value: 1, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true }

A for..in loop then iterates through the object's property names.

var foo = { bar: 1, baz: 2};

for (var prop in foo)
    console.log(prop); // outputs 'bar' and 'baz'

But, only evaluates its statement – console.log(prop); in this case – for those properties whose [[Enumerable]] attribute is true.

This condition is in place because objects have many more properties, especially from inheritance:

console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.prototype));
// ["constructor", "toString", "toLocaleString", "valueOf", "hasOwnProperty", "isPrototypeOf", "propertyIsEnumerable", /* etc. */]

Each of these properties still exists on the object:

console.log('constructor' in foo); // true
console.log('toString' in foo);    // true
// etc.

But, they're skipped by the for..in loop because they aren't enumerable.

var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Object.prototype, 'constructor');

console.log(descriptor.enumerable); // false

If you create an object via myObj = {foo: 'bar'} or something thereabouts, all properties are enumerable. So the easier question to ask is, what's not enumerable? Certain objects have some non-enumerable properties, for example if you call Object.getOwnPropertyNames([]) (which returns an array of all properties, enumerable or not, on []), it will return ['length'], which includes the non-enumerable property of an array, 'length'.

You can make your own non-enumerable properties by calling Object.defineProperty:

var person = { age: 18 };
Object.defineProperty(person, 'name', { value: 'Joshua', enumerable: false });

person.name; // 'Joshua'
for (prop in person) {
  console.log(prop);
}; // 'age'

This example borrows heavily from Non-enumerable properties in JavaScript, but shows an object being enumerated over. Properties can either be or not be writable, configurable, or enumerable. John Resig discusses this in the scope of ECMAScript 5 Objects and Properties.

And, there's a Stack Overflow question about why you'd ever want to make properties non-enumerable.