What is the difference between Caching and Memoization?
As I have seen them used, "memoization" is "caching the result of a deterministic function" that can be reproduced at any time given the same function and inputs.
"Caching" includes basically any output-buffering strategy, whether or not the source value is reproducible at a given time. In fact, caching is also used to refer to input buffering strategies, such as the write-cache on a disk or memory. So it is a much more general term.
Memoization is a specific form of caching that involves caching the return value of a function based on its parameters.
Caching is a more general term; for example, HTTP caching is caching but not memoization.
Wikipedia says:
Although related to caching, memoization refers to a specific case of this optimization, distinguishing it from forms of caching such as buffering or page replacement.
I think term caching is usually used when you store results of IO operations, or basically any data that is coming to you from the outside (files, network, db queries). Term memoization usually applies to storing results of your own computations, for example in the context of dynamic programming.