What is the difference between yum, apt-get, rpm, ./configure && make install?
These tools all install software into your system, but are working on different levels.
./configure && make install
Running
./configure && make install
builds and installs the libraries or executables directly from the source code.The
make install
step basically just copies the final files into your system. Many sources come with a specialmake uninstall
rule to remove them again, but this is not guaranteed and of course only works as long as you have the configured sources around. Also, this does not take care of required dependencies.Often there is only the source code available for a certain package, so this is the only way to go. Also,
./configure
usually accepts lots of options allowing you to tailor your package.Not being able to find out what software installed which file, and the lack of a reliable way to remove them from the system are major shortcomings of this approach.
RPM (Redhat Package Manager)
rpm
installs already configured and compiled software in your system and it also comes with a uninstall to get rid of it again. The packages have to be created by somebody. This person already decided on what features to include and how to best integrate the package into your system layout. It also comes with a list of dependencies.Since rpms are used for many distributions there, you will often want to make sure that this rpm was written for your distribution so that install paths, dependencies and other housekeeping things integrate well.
On Debian systems, the equivalent package format is
.deb
and the installation and database is handled by thedpkg
tool.Yum
yum
is an additional wrapper aroundrpm
. It keeps its own database of rpm files available for your distribution, generally in online repositories. For the stable versions of most distributions all packages inside that database will play well with each other. This database can be searched (e.g. withyum search some_name
).It will also automatically resolve dependencies for you. Packages (and with some extra help their dependencies) can be easily uninstalled as well.
On Debian systems, the equivalent repository and dependency-resolution tools are provided by Apt (
apt-get
andaptitude
).
So to sum it up: if you just want some software try yum
first. If it is not available there, you can try to find an existing rpm
package. If there is none or you have some special requirements, build from source.
Yum are RPM are the same thing except that yum gets the packages from the net automatically and installs them (using rpm -i
) in one step. It should be used whenever possible to ease updating. Use rpm
only when there is no package to be found by yum
, and use the make
method only when there is no .rpm package available or you need to change some compile-time options.