What's the advantage of using yield in __iter__()?
Without generator functions, you would have to implement something like this, if you want to follow best practices:
In [7]: class IterableContainer:
...: def __init__(self, data=(1,2,3,4,5)):
...: self.data = data
...: def __iter__(self):
...: return IterableContainerIterator(self.data)
...:
In [8]: class IterableContainerIterator:
...: def __init__(self, data):
...: self.data = data
...: self._pos = 0
...: def __iter__(self):
...: return self
...: def __next__(self):
...: try:
...: item = self.data[self._pos]
...: except IndexError:
...: raise StopIteration
...: self._pos += 1
...: return item
...:
In [9]: container = IterableContainer()
In [10]: for x in container:
...: print(x)
...:
1
2
3
4
5
Of course, the above example is contrived, but hopefully you get the point. With generators, this can simply be:
In [11]: class IterableContainer:
...: def __init__(self, data=(1,2,3,4,5)):
...: self.data = data
...: def __iter__(self):
...: for x in self.data:
...: yield x
...:
...:
In [12]: list(IterableContainer())
Out[12]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
As for state, well, it's exactly that - objects can have state, e.g. attributes. You can manipulate that state at runtime. You could do something like the following, although, I would say it is highly inadvisable:
In [19]: class IterableContainerIterator:
...: def __init__(self, data):
...: self.data = data
...: self._pos = 0
...: def __iter__(self):
...: return self
...: def __next__(self):
...: try:
...: item = self.data[self._pos]
...: except IndexError:
...: raise StopIteration
...: self._pos += 1
...: return item
...: def rewind(self):
...: self._pos = min(0, self._pos - 1)
...:
In [20]: class IterableContainer:
...: def __init__(self, data=(1,2,3,4,5)):
...: self.data = data
...: def __iter__(self):
...: return IterableContainerIterator(self.data)
...:
In [21]: container = IterableContainer()
In [22]: it = iter(container)
In [23]: next(it)
Out[23]: 1
In [24]: next(it)
Out[24]: 2
In [25]: it.rewind()
In [26]: next(it)
Out[26]: 1
In [27]: next(it)
Out[27]: 2
In [28]: next(it)
Out[28]: 3
In [29]: next(it)
Out[29]: 4
In [30]: next(it)
Out[30]: 5
In [31]: it.rewind()
In [32]: next(it)
Out[32]: 1