Where are AWS data center locations listed?

Very late to the party, but in case anyone else has the same question, we've done some work to map AWS regional data centers by the fastest connection to each country (and state in US):

http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/aws-datacenters

The code used to this has been open sourced:

https://github.com/turnkeylinux/aws-datacenters

Mashup of associations and worldwide underwater cables:

Regarding the GeoIP implementation, see:

http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/geoip-amazon-regions

Each service's detail page (e.g. http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/, http://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/) provides this information.

WikiLeaks - AmazonAtlas

Confidential AWS datacenters location has been leaked:

11 October 2018, WikiLeaks publishes a "Highly Confidential" internal document from the cloud computing provider Amazon. The document from late 2015 lists the addresses and some operational details of over one hundred data centers spread across fifteen cities in nine countries

https://wikileaks.org/amazon-atlas/

https://wikileaks.org/amazon-atlas/map/