Where do I find a list of terminal key codes to remap shortcuts in bash?

Those are sequences of characters sent by your terminal when you press a given key. Nothing to do with bash or readline per se, but you'll want to know what sequence of characters a given key or key combination sends if you want to configure readline to do something upon a given key press.

When you press the A key, generally terminals send the a (0x61) character. If you press <Ctrl-I> or <Tab>, then generally send the ^I character also known as TAB or \t (0x9). Most of the function and navigation keys generally send a sequence of characters that starts with the ^[ (control-[), also known as ESC or \e (0x1b, 033 octal), but the exact sequence varies from terminal to terminal.

The best way to find out what a key or key combination sends for your terminal, is run sed -n l and to type it followed by Enter on the keyboard. Then you'll see something like:

$ sed -n l
^[[1;5A
\033[1;5A$

The first line is caused by the local terminal echo done by the terminal device (it may not be reliable as terminal device settings would affect it).

The second line is output by sed. The $ is not to be included, it's only to show you where the end of the line is.

Above that means that Ctrl-Up (which I've pressed) send the 6 characters ESC, [, 1, ;, 5 and A (0x1b 0x5b 0x31 0x3b 0x35 0x41)

The terminfo database records a number of sequences for a number of common keys for a number of terminals (based on $TERM value).

For instance:

TERM=rxvt tput kdch1 | sed -n l

Would tell you what escape sequence is send by rxvt upon pressing the Delete key.

You can look up what key corresponds to a given sequence with your current terminal with infocmp (here assuming ncurses infocmp):

$ infocmp -L1 | grep -F '=\E[Z'
    back_tab=\E[Z,
    key_btab=\E[Z,

Key combinations like Ctrl-Up don't have corresponding entries in the terminfo database, so to find out what they send, either read the source or documentation for the corresponding terminal or try it out with the sed -n l method described above.

It is provided via gnu readline library. you should look into man 3 readline to find out its description.

Looks like you also need information about what does escspe codes liks \[A mean. You can find this information in wikipedia ANSI esacape code article.

Do these codes come from the same source? The last one looks like a GNU readline binding. That's what the user sends to a bash (see rush's answer). The first two, however, look more like terminal control sequences (even though the first one would be an ill-formed one). That's what bash or another program send back to the terminal emulator in order to control cursor movements, text colors, and the like.