Where to set CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES in a project with subprojects

Factorize out the code that sets up configuration-dependent settings. Create a file, say, SetUpConfigurations.cmake with this content:

if(NOT SET_UP_CONFIGURATIONS_DONE)
    set(SET_UP_CONFIGURATIONS_DONE TRUE)

    # No reason to set CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES if it's not a multiconfig generator
    # Also no reason mess with CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE if it's a multiconfig generator.
    get_property(isMultiConfig GLOBAL PROPERTY GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG)
    if(isMultiConfig)
        set(CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES "Debug;Release;Profile" CACHE STRING "" FORCE) 
    else()
        if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
            message("Defaulting to release build.")
            set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
        endif()
        set_property(CACHE CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE PROPERTY HELPSTRING "Choose the type of build")
        # set the valid options for cmake-gui drop-down list
        set_property(CACHE CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE PROPERTY STRINGS "Debug;Release;Profile")
    endif()
    # now set up the Profile configuration
    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_PROFILE "...")
    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_PROFILE "...")
    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_PROFILE "...")
endif()

Then include(..) this file at the beginning of the CMakeLists.txt's.

You have two choices about where to put SetUpConfigurations.cmake, it depends on how you organize your projects, repositories:

1. The quick'n'dirty way: Copy and commit this script into each project that needs it. Its location will be fixed, relative to the CMakeLists.txt of the project. So you can include it, for example, with include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/<...>/SetUpConfigurations.cmake)

2. The disciplined way: Maintain a repository with your custom CMake scripts, like this one. Each time you generate a project with the cmake command, you pass the path to this repository in the CMAKE_MODULE_PATH variable:

   cmake -DCMAKE_MODULE_PATH=<dir-of-cmake-script-repo> ...
   

In this case include the script with include(SetUpConfigurations) (no .cmake extension).

A note about what a multiconfig generator is:

Xcode and Visual Studio are multiconfig generators. They respect the value of CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES but CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE has no effect since no concrete configuration is defined when the CMakeLists.txt is processed. It will be selected on the IDE's user interface later.

On the other hand, the makefile-style generators are not interested in CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES. CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE defines the configuration. It is a concrete value when the CMakeLists.txt file is processed but still: never make any decisions based on the value of CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:

if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Release") # WRONG!
    ....
endif()

You project won't work as intended in multiconfig generators.