Which keyboard setting corresponds to "United States (International)" in Windows XP

If you still want the dead key behaviour (typing ' and e resulting in é), you can use the English (US, international with dead keys) layout.

Use the English (US, Alternative international) layout.

You have to combine the dead key with the right alt key. For example, to get é, type RightAlt+' then E.

I've encountered the other option in the past (possibly back in the days when I used XP) and been annoyed by it. In my view, Ubuntu's approach is superior. After all, typing ' is more common than typing é; thus, it should be easier to type.