Why "decimal" is not a valid attribute parameter type?

This is a CLR restriction. Only primitive constants or arrays of primitives can be used as attribute parameters. The reason why is that an attribute must be encoded entirely in metadata. This is different than a method body which is coded in IL. Using MetaData only severely restricts the scope of values that can be used. In the current version of the CLR, metadata values are limited to primitives, null, types and arrays of primitives (may have missed a minor one).

Taken from this answer by JaredPar.

Decimals while a basic type are not a primitive type and hence cannot be represented in metadata which prevents it from being an attribute parameter.

The answer to this problem is to use strings, which are allowed as attributes despite not being an atomic type. Don't use doubles as rounding will make the results less accurate.

public String MinimumValue
{
    get
    {
        return minimumValueDecimal.ToString();
    }

    set
    {
        minimumValueDecimal = Decimal.Parse(value);
    }
}

private decimal minimumValueDecimal;

From the specs:

The types of positional and named parameters for an attribute class are limited to the attribute parameter types, which are:

• One of the following types: bool, byte, char, double, float, int, long, sbyte, short, string, uint, ulong, ushort.
• The type object.
• The type System.Type.
• An enum type, provided it has public accessibility and the types in which it is nested (if any) also have public accessibility (Attribute specification).
• Single-dimensional arrays of the above types.