Why does 1...1 evaluate to 10.1?

The dot (.) has two roles in PHP:

  1. As decimal digit, when it is part of a real number, e.g. 1.1. Both the integral part and the decimal part are optional on real numbers but not on the same time. This means both 1. and .1 are valid real numbers in PHP but . is not a number.
  2. As the string concatenation operator. This operator connects two string sub-expressions into a larger expression. The value of the larger expression is the concatenation of the string values of the sub-expressions. The sub-expressions that are not strings are converted to strings before concatenation.
    E.g. 1 . 1 is the same as '1' . '1' and its value is the string '11'.

The expression 1...1 is parsed as 1. . .1. According to those said above, 1. and .1 are real numbers (1.0 and 0.1) and the middle dot (.) is the string concatenation operator.

When converts numbers to strings, PHP uses the minimum amount of characters required for this operation. If a real number has only integral part then it represents the number as integer, without decimal point and decimals.

This is why 1. . .1 is the same as '1' . '0.1' and the final value of the expression is 10.1.

Why is 1...1 parsed this way?

The parser reads the expression from left to right. 1 tells it a number starts there. 1. is a valid real number but 1.. is not. It keeps 1. as a number then the next dot is the concatenation operator. The next ., being followed by a digit, is the beginning of another real number (.1).

All in all, 1...1 is the same as 1. . .1.


Applying braces will make it clear:

(1.) . (.1)

  • 1. is interpreted as 1
  • . is string concatenation
  • .1 is interpreted as 0.1

This all put into a string is 10.1 as a string.

var_dump(1...1) yieldsstring(4) "10.1"


Different Operations.

1. <?php echo 1.1; ?> // gives simple 1.1
2. <?php echo 1...1; ?> // gives 10.1
3. <?php echo 1..'1'; ?> // gives 11
4. <?php var_dump(1.); ?> // gives 1
5. <?php var_dump(.1); ?> // gives 0.1

Now, our strange operation

echo 1...1

is treated as concatenation of no 4 and no 5, resulting in 10.1


Because it's interpreted as 1. . .1 (1 and 0.1) therefore you get 10.1

Tags:

Php

Ellipsis

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