why encapsulation is used code example

Example 1: encapsulation programming

In object-oriented programming, encapsulation refers to the bundling 
of data with the methods that operate on that data, or the restricting
of direct access to some of an object's components

Example 2: encapsulation

Encapsulation focus on Private Data
Encapsulation allows the programmer to hide 
and restrict access to data. 
To achieve encapsulation:
1.Declare the variables with the private access modifier
2.Create public getters and setters that allow indirect 
access to those variables
 
Framework Example:
In my project I created multiple POJO/BEAN classes in order 
to manage test data and actual data. 
I take JSON from API response and convert 
to object of my POJO class. 
All the variables are private with getters and setter. 
Also in order to store credentials or sensitive data 
in my framework I have use encapsulation, configuration reader 
also known as property file or excel sheet to hide data 
from the outside. I use Apache POI if the data is stored in Excel 
in order to extract/read and modify data.
Partial Encapsulation Usage / getters and setters have to be Public
We can provide only getters in a class to make the class immutable. 
(Read only) returning private instance variable that’s all
We provide setters in a class to make the class attribute write-only,
and return type is void just initialize the given argument

Example 3: Encapsulation

In object-oriented programming, encapsulation refers to the bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data, or the restricting of direct access to some of an object's components