Why is Netplan/Networkd not bringing up a static ethernet interface?

It looks like you're hitting the bug that will be solved by https://github.com/CanonicalLtd/netplan/pull/34 - currently devices will only be configured if they have a carrier, but that requirement is going away.

In the mean time, you can probably fix this by configuring the device with systemd-networkd directly. Remove the enp1s0f0 stanza from the netplan config and add something like this (untested) systemd config in /etc/systemd/network/10-enp1s0f0.network:

[Match]
Name=enp1s0f0

[Link]
RequiredForOnline=no

[Network]
ConfigureWithoutCarrier=true
Address=10.0.0.1/24

The key bit is the ConfigureWithoutCarrier which I have pulled directly from the pull request.

(You can see what netplan generates and go from there - the file will be in /run/systemd/network.)

Alternatively, you can make use of the fact that netplan and ifupdown can coexist, apt install ifupdown and configure enp1s0f0 with ifupdown.