Windows 10 is unable to load Android devices as MTP devices

MTP is a protocol associated to Windows Media Player but Windows 10 does not include the WMP. The Media Feature Pack for N and KN versions of Windows 10 will install Media Player and related technologies on a computer running Windows 10 N or Windows 10 KN editions. For further information, please see http://support.microsoft.com and query the Knowledge Base for the article number KB3010081. So, download "Windows10-KB3010081-x86.msu" or "Windows10-KB3010081-x64.msu" from "http://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=48231" and install it. The problem will be solved!

The new package to download is: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3099229
As in the documentation:

This update supersedes update 3010081 in Windows 10 build 1511.

New version for Windows anniversary update 1607 KB3133719 https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3133719

New version for Windows 1709 and above: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/mediafeaturepack
Other versions: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3145500/media-feature-pack-list-for-windows-n-editions#section-1

After Windows 10 Creators (15063) update to get it working I had to navigate to the C:\Windows\INF folder then find a file called wpdmtp.inf and install it by right clicking on it.

I remedied this with my HTC by updating to the latest USB driver. I'd recommend looking on your manufacturer's website for updated drivers. Failing that, trying choosing one of the generic Windows MTP drivers.