windows ssh localhost: connection refused

Microsoft does not currently provide SSH server software for its Windows operating system. However, if you haven't already installed SSH server software on your Windows system, there are quite a few commercial SSH server packages available for Windows and there is also free SSH server software. Some companies that provide commercial versions will allow you to use their software for free for noncommercial use. Some free versions that I've used:

Bitvise SSH Server - free for personal use

Copssh - the name is from "Cygwin" + "OpenSSH"

freeSSHd

OpenSSH for Windows - the software hasn't been updated since, 2004. I found it worked well under Windows XP, but I experienced problems with it on later operating systems and wouldn't recommend it.

PowerShell SSH Server for Windows - the Personal Edition is free; it limits you to one SSH connection to the server at a time.

SilverSHield - free for personal use version limited to one concurrent SSH connection

If you've got Cygwin installed already, you can install OpenSSH server software for Cygwin.

Microsoft has, apparently, "seen the light" and has announced that it intends to provide SSH server software for its Windows operating systems, e.g., see the June 2, 2015 Ars Technica article Microsoft bringing SSH to Windows and PowerShell.

Update to this answer: you can now install OpenSSH Server using the Windows PowerShell. Here's a link to the instructions.

Windows does not by default have a SSH Server installed or running. Did you try to install one? It would be a 3rd party application. Also windows does not provide a ssh client. Again this would be a 3rd party application that would need to be installed.

It is quite unusual to install an SSH Server onto Windows.