add annotation on decoration points
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[dot/.style={
postaction=decorate,
decoration={markings,mark= between positions 0 and 1 step #1mm with{%
\node[circle,inner sep=0.5pt,fill, label=\pgfdecoratedangle-90:{%
\number\numexpr\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/mark info/sequence number}-1}]{};%
}
}
}
]
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw[dot=10] (O)
\foreach \n in {1,...,4} {
-- ++(-120:{\n*3-2}) -- ++(0:{\n*3-1}) -- ++(120:{\n*3})
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
One modified version to decorate with perpendicular lines.
\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt,convert={outfile=\jobname.jpg}]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings,calc}
\begin{document}
\tiny\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{dot/.style={
postaction=decorate,
decoration={markings,mark=between positions 0 and 1 step #1mm with{%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\desc}{int(\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/mark info/sequence number}-1)}
\draw (0,-3pt) -- node [label={\pgfdecoratedangle-90:\desc}] {} ++(0,6pt);
}
}
}
}
\def\m{5}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw[dot=3] (O)
\foreach \n in {1,...,22} {
-- ++({360/\m*Mod(\n,\m)}:{\n*0.3})
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Output: