Bash: If/Else statement in one line

Use grep -vc to ignore grep in the ps output and count the lines simultaneously.

if [[ $(ps aux | grep process | grep -vc grep)  > 0 ]] ; then echo 1; else echo 0 ; fi

&& means "and if successful"; by placing your if statement on the right-hand side of it, you ensure that it will only run if grep returns 0. To fix it, use ; instead:

ps aux | grep some_proces[s] > /tmp/test.txt ; if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi

(or just use a line-break).

There is no need to explicitly check $?. Just do:

ps aux | grep some_proces[s] > /tmp/test.txt && echo 1 || echo 0 

Note that this relies on echo not failing, which is certainly not guaranteed. A more reliable way to write this is:

if ps aux | grep some_proces[s] > /tmp/test.txt; then echo 1; else echo 0; fi