Can I use ender chests to transfer items from the end?

According to http://minecraft.wikia.com/wiki/Ender_Chest, it does work that way.

If two Ender Chests are placed and two of an item was put in one, when the chest with the items in is opened, there will be one of the item in that chest and one of the same item in the other chests, acting as an image. This feature also works among the different worlds: Overworld, Nether, and the End.

Yes, your items will be transported anywhere in the world, including The End, The Nether, or anywhere else.
Be careful, though, that what you placed in an Ender Chest can only be picked up by you, and nobody else. So you can't transfer your items to your friend this way.

Yup, they work between dimensions transferring itens.