Combinatorial aspects of continued fractions

One book that I know which covers this topic is (available online): Analytic Combinatorics, P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick. In particular, (as the OP now also notes in a comment), the relevant section is V.4.

The following slides of Flajolet are also relevant.


Remarks

  1. The OP may also find this paper on restricted permutations and continued fractions of interest.
  2. Another interesting reference (not on the original topic, but I thought it worthwhile to mention here) is: Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables, by R. Pemantle and M. Wilson.

Hint: No book recommendation, but in case you are not aware of it you might appreciate the nice survey Combinatorial aspects of continued fractions and applications by Xavier G. Viennot in honor of P. Flajolet.


See Chapter 5 of the book Combinatorial Enumeration by Ian P. Goulden and David Jackson, Wiley, 1983, reprinted by Dover in 2004.