construct a square without a ruler
On way to do this is to start by constructing the middle point of your segment like this:
Then you will easily have the middle of your square like this:
And you know can have a circonscrit circle for your square, and constructing the square is finally possible!
Edit.
Since you asked for it, I have made a few more drawings to illustrate how to construct the point $O$ from where we left it.
Where the last circle has for radius $CF$ and for center $A$.
Edit 2.
Since more details were requested, here is how to finish the proof once $O$ has been constructed.
The key to solve this problem is how to construct $\sqrt{2}$.