"Could not open moddep file '/lib/modules/3.XX-generic/modules.dep.bin'" when mounting using a loop

Thanks to Braiam comments, I have solved it using

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-3.13.0

No need to reinstall linux image

sudo depmod

works fine for me. credit goes to @pabouk

It may be system changes waiting for a reboot after updates. My installation was pointing to the wrong /lib/modules/<version>, but it worked itself out after a reboot.

#:/ $ sudo modinfo iptable_nat
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod.c:557 kmod_search_moddep: could not open moddep file '/lib/modules/4.1.18+/modules.dep.bin'
modinfo: ERROR: Module alias iptable_nat not found.