Create a dictionary with list comprehension

Use a dict comprehension:

{key: value for (key, value) in iterable}

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Note: this is for Python 3.x (and 2.7 upwards). Formerly in Python 2.6 and earlier, the dict built-in could receive an iterable of key/value pairs, so you can pass it a list comprehension or generator expression. For example:

dict((key, func(key)) for key in keys)

In simple cases you don't need a comprehension at all...

But if you already have iterable(s) of keys and/or values, just call the dict built-in directly:

1) consumed from any iterable yielding pairs of keys/vals
dict(pairs)

2) "zip'ped" from two separate iterables of keys/vals
dict(zip(list_of_keys, list_of_values))

In Python 3 and Python 2.7+, dictionary comprehensions look like the below:

d = {k:v for k, v in iterable}

For Python 2.6 or earlier, see fortran's answer.

In fact, you don't even need to iterate over the iterable if it already comprehends some kind of mapping, the dict constructor doing it graciously for you:

>>> ts = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
>>> dict(ts)
{1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}
>>> gen = ((i, i+1) for i in range(1, 6, 2))
>>> gen
<generator object <genexpr> at 0xb7201c5c>
>>> dict(gen)
{1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}