Create range bins from SQL Server table for histograms

Simply add the Gender column to your SELECT and then do a GROUP BY.

SELECT 
Gender,
count(CASE WHEN Age>= 10 AND Age < 20 THEN 1 END) AS [10 - 20],
count(CASE WHEN Age>= 21 AND Age < 30 THEN 1 END) AS [21 - 30],
count(CASE WHEN Age>= 31 AND Age < 35 THEN 1 END) AS [31 - 35],
count(CASE WHEN Age>= 36 AND Age < 40 THEN 1 END) AS [36 - 40]
FROM Attendees AS AgeGroups
GROUP BY Gender

I recently came across a similar problem where I needed to look at several variables rather than just one, and my solution was to use a temporary table.

CREATE TABLE #bin (
    startRange int, 
    endRange int,
    agelabel varchar(10)
);
GO

INSERT INTO #bin (startRange, endRange, mylabel) VALUES (10, 20, '10-20')
INSERT INTO #bin (startRange, endRange, mylabel) VALUES (21, 30, '21-30')
INSERT INTO #bin (startRange, endRange, mylabel) VALUES (31, 35, '31-35')
INSERT INTO #bin (startRange, endRange, mylabel) VALUES (36, 40, '36-40')
GO

SELECT 
    b.agelabel as ageBracket, 
    a.Gender, 
    count(a.Gender) as total
FROM 
    Attendees a
INNER JOIN 
    #bin b on (a.Age >= b.startRange and a.Age <= b.EndRange)
GROUP BY
    b.agelabel, a.Gender

DROP TABLE #bin 
GO

Or Alternatively, and probably the better solution,

With table1 as
(
SELECT 
    CASE 
        WHEN Age >= 10 and Age <= 20 then '10-20'
        WHEN Age > 20 and Age <= 30 then '21-30'
        WHEN Age > 30 and Age <= 35 then '31-35'
        WHEN Age > 35 and Age <= 40 then '36-40'
        ELSE 'NA'
    End as ageBracket,
    Gender
FROM
    Attendees
)

SELECT
    ageBracket,
    Gender,
    Count(Gender),
FROM
    table1
GROUP BY
    ageBracket, Gender

Where the result would be :

AgeBracket Gender Total
10-20 M 0
10-20 F 0
21-30 M 12
21-30 F 10
31-35 M  9
31-35 F 12
36-40 M  6
36-40 F  7

You can use the first select statement to gather all the data of your choice, while using the second query to perform any necessary calculations.

I think these solutions might be a bit overkill for your problem, but as it was the only question I found concerning binning, hopefully it will be useful to others !