docker php7.2-fpm can't install imap module
To use imap module with PHP in Docker you must configure extension like this
docker-php-ext-configure imap --with-kerberos --with-imap-ssl
You can see an example of Dockerfile in one of my project
Actual in 2020 for PHP 7.4 and PHP 8 on Linux Alpine
RUN apk add imap-dev krb5-dev
RUN docker-php-ext-configure imap --with-kerberos --with-imap-ssl \
&& docker-php-ext-install imap \
&& docker-php-ext-enable imap