Downloading a file with Powershell

Invoke-WebRequest comes with a parameter to store its result in a file: -OutFile

Invoke-WebRequest $myDownloadUrl -OutFile c:\file.ext

If you need authorization before you can send a request like this:

Invoke-WebRequest $myAuthUrl /* whatever is neccesary to login */ -SessionVariable MySession
Invoke-WebRequest $myDownloadUrl -WebSession $MySession

To determine the layout of the form where the login happens, you can use Invoke-WebRequests return object. It'll collect information about forms and fields on the HTML (might be Windows only). Mileage of logging in may vary with things like Two-Factor-Auth active or not. Probably you can create some secret link to your file which does not need Auth or possibly google allows you to create a private access token of some sort, which can be send aus Authorization-Header alongside your request.

TLDR answers*:

Method 1, by default synchronous**

Invoke-WebRequest $url -OutFile $path_to_file

(if you get error "...Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel." see Powershell Invoke-WebRequest Fails with SSL/TLS Secure Channel)

Method 2, by default synchronous**

(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile($url, $path_to_file)

Method 3, asynchronous and may be much slower than the other two but is very gentle on bandwidth usage (it uses the BITS service).

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $path_to_file

Notes:

*: This answer is for those that google for "how to download a file with PowerShell".

**: Read the help pages if you want asynchronous downloading