Edit selected rows manually in SQL Server

Using LinqPad (https://www.linqpad.net/) you can direct edit previous run select query. It also has many other features like running Linq or C# codes.

Click edit rows on the table and then open the sql tab of that query and add your predicate there. And that's how you can edit filtered records.

As you said, go for

Select DB > Table > Right Click > Edit top 200 rows

Now the window opens with the top 200 query and the results editable.

Now change the query to the one with your where clause and hit F5