Extract prediction band from lme fit

Sorry for coming back to such an old topic, but this might address a comment here:

it would be nice if some package could provide this functionality

This functionality is included in the ggeffects-package, when you use type = "re" (which will then include the random effect variances, not only residual variances, which is - however - the same in this particular example).

library(nlme)
library(ggeffects)

x  <- rep(seq(0, 100, by = 1), 10)
y  <- 15 + 2 * rnorm(1010, 10, 4) * x + rnorm(1010, 20, 100)
id <- NULL
for (i in 1:10) {
  id <- c(id, rep(i, 101))
}
dtfr <- data.frame(x = x, y = y, id = id)
m <- lme(y ~ x,
         random =  ~ 1 + x | id,
         data = dtfr,
         na.action = na.omit)

ggpredict(m, "x") %>% plot(rawdata = T, dot.alpha = 0.2)

ggpredict(m, "x", type = "re") %>% plot(rawdata = T, dot.alpha = 0.2)

^{Created on 2019-06-18 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)}

Warning: Read this thread on r-sig-mixed models before doing this. Be very careful when you interpret the resulting prediction band.

From r-sig-mixed models FAQ adjusted to your example:

set.seed(42)
x <- rep(0:100,10)
y <- 15 + 2*rnorm(1010,10,4)*x + rnorm(1010,20,100)
id<-rep(1:10,each=101)

dtfr <- data.frame(x=x ,y=y, id=id)

library(nlme)

model.mx <- lme(y~x,random=~1+x|id,data=dtfr)

#create data.frame with new values for predictors
#more than one predictor is possible
new.dat <- data.frame(x=0:100)
#predict response
new.dat$pred <- predict(model.mx, newdata=new.dat,level=0)

#create design matrix
Designmat <- model.matrix(eval(eval(model.mx$call$fixed)[-2]), new.dat[-ncol(new.dat)])

#compute standard error for predictions
predvar <- diag(Designmat %*% model.mx$varFix %*% t(Designmat))
new.dat$SE <- sqrt(predvar) 
new.dat$SE2 <- sqrt(predvar+model.mx$sigma^2)

library(ggplot2) 
p1 <- ggplot(new.dat,aes(x=x,y=pred)) + 
geom_line() +
geom_ribbon(aes(ymin=pred-2*SE2,ymax=pred+2*SE2),alpha=0.2,fill="red") +
geom_ribbon(aes(ymin=pred-2*SE,ymax=pred+2*SE),alpha=0.2,fill="blue") +
geom_point(data=dtfr,aes(x=x,y=y)) +
scale_y_continuous("y")
p1