GTK implementation of MessageBox

To manage a dialog box with GTK+, use a GtkDialog and gtk_dialog_run() instead of managing a window and a main loop by yourself.

EDIT / ADDENDUM :

What I mean is "just use" : I don't understand why you create a windows you never use and a main loop which seems useless (at least from the piece of code you posted). You can write something as short as :

int MessageBox(HWND hwnd, const char* text, const char* caption, UINT type)
{
    GtkWidget *dialog ;

    /* Instead of 0, use GTK_DIALOG_MODAL to get a modal dialog box */

    if (type & MB_YESNO)
        dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(NULL, 0, GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION, GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO, text );
    else
        dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(NULL, 0, GTK_MESSAGE_INFO, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, text );


    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), caption);
    gint result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
    gtk_widget_destroy( GTK_WIDGET(dialog) );

    if (type & MB_YESNO)
    {
        switch (result)
        {
        default:
        case GTK_RESPONSE_DELETE_EVENT:
        case GTK_RESPONSE_NO:
            return IDNO;
        case GTK_RESPONSE_YES:
            return IDYES;
        }
        return IDOK;
    } 
}

Hmm, ok. I'd suggest code like this, then:

typedef struct {
    int type;
    int result;
} DialogData;
    
static gboolean
display_dialog(gpointer user_data)
{
    DialogData *dialog_data = user_data;
    GtkWidget *dialog;
    
    if (dialog_data->type & MB_YESNO)
        dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(...);
    else
        dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(...);
    
    // Set title, etc.
    
    dialog_data->result = gtk_dialog_run(...);
    
    gtk_main_quit();  // Quits the main loop run in MessageBox()
    
    return FALSE;
}
    
int MessageBox(...)
{
    DialogData dialog_data;
    
    dialog_data.type = type;
    
    gtk_idle_add(display_dialog, &dialog_data);
    
    gtk_main();
    
    // Do stuff based on dialog_data.result
}

The struct is required because you need to pass around a couple pieces of data. The gtk_idle_add() call adds a method to be run when the main loop is running and idle, and the FALSE return value from the display_dialog() call means that it's only run once. After we get the result from the dialog, we quit the main loop. That'll cause the gtk_main() in your main MessageBox() method to return, and you'll be able to access the result from there.

A few things:

You are creating (and not using) an unnecessary toplevel window, named window. You can just delete these lines:

window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "delete_event", G_CALLBACK(delete_event), NULL);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(destroy), NULL);

Also, the flow doesn't seem quite right. gtk_main() starts the GTK main loop, which blocks until something exits it. gtk_dialog_run() also starts a main loop, but it exits as soon as one of the buttons is clicked.

I think it might be enough for you to remove the gtk_init_add() and gtk_main() calls, and simply deal with the return value. Also the gtk_widget_destroy() call is unnecessary, as the dialog window is automatically destroyed when gtk_dialog_run() returns.