has_many, belongs_to relation in active record migration rails 4
This is how the migration should be created normally:
rails g scaffold child parent:references
I forgot to add parent:references
when I created the table, what should I do?
Option 1: Destroy the table and start over
If you don't have a lot defined in the model/db about the child table. Your best bet might just be to run rails destroy scaffold child
, and then run
rails g scaffold child parent:references
over it. Be sure to add the line drop_table :children if table_exists? :children
before create table in the file that creates the new table. (That way if anyone pulls your code they can just run the migrations and be done.) However, it seems more probable that you will have data you don't want to lose in the child model already.
In that case:
Option 2: Write a migration to add the references
rails g migration add_parent_refs_to_child
## XXXXXXXXXXXXXX_add_parent_refs_to_child.rb
class AddParentRefsToChild < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
add_reference :child, :parent, index: true
end
end
See add_reference
Additionally, don't forget to make sure the parent model has_[one | many] :children
, and that the child model belongs_to :parent
.
How not to do it:
You may be tempted to add the parent_id
manually. Don't. Conventionally this sort of operation is handled through a migration, or within the initial table creation. Manual addition will detract from the maintainability of the project.
The Ruby on Rails guide to association has more information on the subject.
You could call:
rails g model task user:references
which will generates an user_id
column in the tasks
table and will modify the task.rb
model to add a belongs_to :user
relatonship. Please note, you must to put manually the has_many :tasks
or has_one :task
relationship to the user.rb
model.
If you already have the model generated, you could create a migration with the following:
rails g migration AddUserToTask user:belongs_to
which will generate:
class AddUserToTask < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
add_reference :tasks, :user, index: true
end
end
the only difference with this approach is, the belongs_to :user
relationship in the task.rb
model won't be created automatically, so you must create it for your own.
There is no special migration command that would be used.
In your User model you will put
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :tasks
end
class Task < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :user
end
In the corresponding migration file for the tasks you have the following field added user_id
Take a look at this guide
To answer the question, "What would be the migration generation command for establishing that relation?"( Meaning, how do you add a migration for existing models with a relationship like User has_many Tasks
& Task belongs_to User
)
The the easiest way for me to remember is like this:
>rails g migration AddUserToTask user:belongs_to
or
>rails g migration AddUserToTask user:references
:belongs_to
is just an alias of :references
, so either will do the same thing.
Doing it this way, the command will infer the name of the table from the migration name, set up a change method that will add the column for relationship, and configure it to be indexed:
class AddUserToTask < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
add_reference :tasks, :user, index: true
end
end
After generating that you:
>rake db:migrate
Finally, you still have to add the usual relations to your models, as is stated in the other answers, but I think this is the right answer to your question.