How can I bypass Fedora's password complexity requirments?

As root you can bypass the requirements. Your example shows this happening:

# passwd justincase
Changing password for user justincase.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
#

Notice it does not repeat the New password prompt but instead it asks you to retype the (bad) new password you are entering. If you had continued with the alleged bad password you would have been able to set it as the password for justincase.