How can I refactor C++ source code using emacs?

In recent Emacs versions (24), Semantic is able to this.

  1. Possibly activate semantic mode M-x semantic-mode RET.
  2. Bring up the Symref buffer with C-c , g.
  3. Press C-c C-e to open all references.
  4. Rename with R.

If you can program in elisp, you can look to combination of cedet + srecode from CEDET libraries - it provide all instruments for this task - find callers of functions, get signature, etc. But you need to create refactory tool yourself, using these instruments