How do I filter a pandas DataFrame based on value counts?

Use groupby filter:

In [11]: df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [1, 4], [5, 6]], columns=['A', 'B'])

In [12]: df
Out[12]:
   A  B
0  1  2
1  1  4
2  5  6

In [13]: df.groupby("A").filter(lambda x: len(x) > 1)
Out[13]:
   A  B
0  1  2
1  1  4

I recommend reading the split-combine-section of the docs.

@jezael solution works very well, Here is a different approach to filter based on values count :

For example, if the dataset is :

df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1,2,3,3,1,6], 'b': [11,2,33,4,55,6]})

Convert and save the count as a dictionary

ount_freq = dict(df['a'].value_counts())

Create a new column and copy the target column, map the dictionary with newly created column

df['count_freq'] = df['a']
df['count_freq'] = df['count_freq'].map(count_freq)

Now we have a new column with count freq, you can now define a threshold and filter easily with this column.

df[df.count_freq>1]

Solutions with better performance should be GroupBy.transform with size for count per groups to Series with same size like original df, so possible filter by boolean indexing:

df1 = df[df.groupby("A")['A'].transform('size') > 1]

Or use Series.map with Series.value_counts:

df1 = df[df['A'].map(df['A'].value_counts()) > 1]