How do you share constants in NodeJS modules?

ES6 way.

export in foo.js

const FOO = 'bar';
module.exports = {
  FOO
}

import in bar.js

const {FOO} = require('foo');

You can explicitly export it to the global scope with global.FOO = 5. Then you simply need to require the file, and not even save your return value.

But really, you shouldn't do that. Keeping things properly encapsulated is a good thing. You have the right idea already, so keep doing what you're doing.

In my opinion, utilizing Object.freeze allows for a DRYer and more declarative style. My preferred pattern is:

./lib/constants.js

module.exports = Object.freeze({
    MY_CONSTANT: 'some value',
    ANOTHER_CONSTANT: 'another value'
});

./lib/some-module.js

var constants = require('./constants');

console.log(constants.MY_CONSTANT); // 'some value'

constants.MY_CONSTANT = 'some other value';

console.log(constants.MY_CONSTANT); // 'some value'

Outdated Performance Warning

The following issue was fixed in v8 in Jan 2014 and is no longer relevant to most developers:

Be aware that both setting writable to false and using Object.freeze have a massive performance penalty in v8 - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=1858 and https://jsben.ch/AhAVa

Technically, const is not part of the ECMAScript specification. Also, using the "CommonJS Module" pattern you've noted, you can change the value of that "constant" since it's now just an object property. (not sure if that'll cascade any changes to other scripts that require the same module, but it's possible)

To get a real constant that you can also share, check out Object.create, Object.defineProperty, and Object.defineProperties. If you set writable: false, then the value in your "constant" cannot be modified. :)

It's a little verbose, (but even that can be changed with a little JS) but you should only need to do it once for your module of constants. Using these methods, any attribute that you leave out defaults to false. (as opposed to defining properties via assignment, which defaults all the attributes to true)

So, hypothetically, you could just set value and enumerable, leaving out writable and configurable since they'll default to false, I've just included them for clarity.

Update - I've create a new module (node-constants) with helper functions for this very use-case.

constants.js -- Good

Object.defineProperty(exports, "PI", {
    value:        3.14,
    enumerable:   true,
    writable:     false,
    configurable: false
});

constants.js -- Better

function define(name, value) {
    Object.defineProperty(exports, name, {
        value:      value,
        enumerable: true
    });
}

define("PI", 3.14);

script.js

var constants = require("./constants");

console.log(constants.PI); // 3.14
constants.PI = 5;
console.log(constants.PI); // still 3.14