How to call a stored procedure using ado.net

Well, you're filling the ds data set - but then you're checking the dt data table for presence of rows... that's never going to work, of course!

If you only need a single DataTable - just use and fill that data table alone - no need for the overhead of a DataSet. Also, put your SqlConnection and SqlCommand into using blocks like this:

using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=*******;Initial Catalog=ChatApp;User ID=Chatapplication;Password=****"))
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("Chatroomapp", conn))
{
    string chatroomidno = textBox1.Text;
    string chatroomname = textBox2.Text;

    SqlDataAdapter adapt = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
    adapt.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
    adapt.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@ChatRoomID", SqlDbType.VarChar, 100));
    adapt.SelectCommand.Parameters["@ChatRoomID"].Value = chatroomidno;
    adapt.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@ChatRoomName", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50));
    adapt.SelectCommand.Parameters["@ChatRoomName"].Value = chatroomname;

    // fill the data table - no need to explicitly call `conn.Open()` - 
    // the SqlDataAdapter automatically does this (and closes the connection, too)
    DataTable dt = new DataTable();
    adapt.Fill(dt);

    if (dt.Rows.Count > 0)
    {
       MessageBox.Show("Connection Succedded");
    }
    else
    {
       MessageBox.Show("Connection Fails");
    }
}

And just because you get back no rows in dt.Rows doesn't necessarily mean that your connection failed..... it could just be that there are no rows that match your search critieria! The connection worked just fine - but the SQL command just didn't return any rows.