How to create a bootable USB from a bootable ISO with the command line on Linux?
Ok after some research I've figured out a solution, and I'll go through it step by step. Problem was two-fold.
Plug in the USB flash drive and determine the device it's mounted on with the command:
sudo fdisk -l
This time around it was /dev/sdc1 for me, so I'll use that as my example.
Umount the device
umount /dev/sdc1
Not sure if necessary but I formatted the drive in FAT32, just in case
sudo mkdosfs -n 'USB-Drive-Name' -I /dev/sdc -F 32
Now my ISO was using isolinux not syslinux. I knew it worked with CDs so I figured out that I needed to call the isohybrid command, which allows for an ISO to be recognized by the BIOS from a hard drive.
isohybrid filename.iso
You can find out more about this command here, but this was the cause of the message "Missing Operating System" The first problem was fixed, but now it said "isolinux.bin was missing or corrupt"
The next step is to copy the iso. My second problem lay here, where I was copying to the partition, sdc1, not the device, sdc.
sudo dd if=filename.iso of=/dev/sdc bs=4k
This seems to work just fine, but the forum where I got the last fix, it was recommended to do the following before unplugging the device:
sync sudo eject /dev/sdc
This is a common issue with SanDisk USB sticks, or sticks not formatted in FAT32.
If not either of those it is most certainly an issue with your stick partition order or the syslinux.cfg file.