How to create a Service which continuously monitors app usage information?
As you wrote that the task is about monitoring 3-rd party applications, there is no solution other than periodically read a list of processes and detecting foreground process. You need a service for this. Unfortunately, Android does not provide means such as broadcast events for foreground process change.
The task requires a lot of code in fact, at least much more than an ordinary answer could comprise. I'm posting a part of it here, but you should address many nuances left behind the scenes, such as synchronization and persisting information between launches. This is just a skeleton.
First, lets code an application object, which is a good place to register all instance related stuff.
MonitorApp
public class MonitorApp extends Application
{
// actual store of statistics
private final ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>> processList = new ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>>();
// fast-access index by package name (used for lookup)
private ArrayList<String> packages = new ArrayList<String>();
public ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>> getProcessList()
{
return processList;
}
public ArrayList<String> getPackages()
{
return packages;
}
// TODO: you need to save and load the instance data
// TODO: you need to address synchronization issues
}
Then lets draft an activity.
MonitorActivity
import static ProcessList.COLUMN_PROCESS_NAME;
import static ProcessList.COLUMN_PROCESS_PROP;
import static ProcessList.COLUMN_PROCESS_COUNT;
import static ProcessList.COLUMN_PROCESS_TIME;
public class MonitorActivity extends Activity implements MonitorService.ServiceCallback
{
private ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>> processList;
private MonitorService backgroundService;
private MyCustomAdapter adapter = null;
private ListView listView = null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main); // TODO: provide your layout
listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.id_process_listview);
createAdapter();
this.bindService(
new Intent(this, MonitorService.class),
serviceConnection,
Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
private void createAdapter()
{
processList = ((MonitorApp)getApplication()).getProcessList();
adapter = new MyCustomAdapter(this, processList, R.layout.complex_list_item,
new String[]
{
COLUMN_PROCESS_NAME,
COLUMN_PROCESS_PROP, // TODO: you may calculate and pre-fill this field
// from COLUMN_PROCESS_COUNT and COLUMN_PROCESS_TIME
// so eliminating the need to use the custom adapter
},
new int[]
{
android.R.id.text1,
android.R.id.text2
});
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
// callback method invoked by the service when foreground process changed
@Override
public void sendResults(int resultCode, Bundle b)
{
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
private class MyCustomAdapter extends SimpleAdapter
{
MyCustomAdapter(Context context, List<? extends Map<String, ?>> data, int resource, String[] from, int[] to)
{
super(context, data, resource, from, to);
}
@Override
public View getView (int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)
{
View result = super.getView(position, convertView, parent);
// TODO: customize process statistics display
int count = (Integer)(processList.get(position).get(COLUMN_PROCESS_COUNT));
int seconds = (Integer)(processList.get(position).get(COLUMN_PROCESS_TIME));
return result;
}
}
private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection()
{
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service)
{
LocalBinder binder = (LocalBinder)service;
backgroundService = binder.getService();
backgroundService.setCallback(MonitorActivity.this);
backgroundService.start();
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className)
{
backgroundService = null;
}
};
@Override
public void onResume()
{
super.onResume();
if(backgroundService != null)
{
backgroundService.setCallback(this);
}
}
@Override
public void onPause()
{
super.onPause();
if(backgroundService != null)
{
backgroundService.setCallback(null);
}
}
}
The activity launches a background worker service, which does actually monitor processes. You could possibly move the service registration from the activity into the application instance. The service itself is something like this:
MonitorService
public class MonitorService extends Service
{
private boolean initialized = false;
private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
private ServiceCallback callback = null;
private Timer timer = null;
private final Handler mHandler = new Handler();
private String foreground = null;
private ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>> processList;
private ArrayList<String> packages;
private Date split = null;
public static int SERVICE_PERIOD = 5000; // TODO: customize (this is for scan every 5 seconds)
private final ProcessList pl = new ProcessList(this)
{
@Override
protected boolean isFilteredByName(String pack)
{
// TODO: filter processes by names, return true to skip the process
// always return false (by default) to monitor all processes
return false;
}
};
public interface ServiceCallback
{
void sendResults(int resultCode, Bundle b);
}
public class LocalBinder extends Binder
{
MonitorService getService()
{
// Return this instance of the service so clients can call public methods
return MonitorService.this;
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate()
{
super.onCreate();
initialized = true;
processList = ((MonitorApp)getApplication()).getProcessList();
packages = ((MonitorApp)getApplication()).getPackages();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent)
{
if(initialized)
{
return mBinder;
}
return null;
}
public void setCallback(ServiceCallback callback)
{
this.callback = callback;
}
private boolean addToStatistics(String target)
{
boolean changed = false;
Date now = new Date();
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(target))
{
if(!target.equals(foreground))
{
int i;
if(foreground != null && split != null)
{
// TODO: calculate time difference from current moment
// to the moment when previous foreground process was activated
i = packages.indexOf(foreground);
long delta = (now.getTime() - split.getTime()) / 1000;
Long time = (Long)processList.get(i).get(COLUMN_PROCESS_TIME);
if(time != null)
{
// TODO: add the delta to statistics of 'foreground'
time += delta;
}
else
{
time = new Long(delta);
}
processList.get(i).put(COLUMN_PROCESS_TIME, time);
}
// update count of process activation for new 'target'
i = packages.indexOf(target);
Integer count = (Integer)processList.get(i).get(COLUMN_PROCESS_COUNT);
if(count != null) count++;
else
{
count = new Integer(1);
}
processList.get(i).put(COLUMN_PROCESS_COUNT, count);
foreground = target;
split = now;
changed = true;
}
}
return changed;
}
public void start()
{
if(timer == null)
{
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(new MonitoringTimerTask(), 500, SERVICE_PERIOD);
}
// TODO: startForeground(srvcid, createNotification(null));
}
public void stop()
{
timer.cancel();
timer.purge();
timer = null;
}
private class MonitoringTimerTask extends TimerTask
{
@Override
public void run()
{
fillProcessList();
ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager)MonitorService.this.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
List<RunningTaskInfo> taskInfo = activityManager.getRunningTasks(1);
String current = taskInfo.get(0).topActivity.getPackageName();
// check if current process changed
if(addToStatistics(current) && callback != null)
{
final Bundle b = new Bundle();
// TODO: pass necessary info to UI via bundle
mHandler.post(new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
callback.sendResults(1, b);
}
});
}
}
}
private void fillProcessList()
{
pl.fillProcessList(processList, packages);
}
}
The service utilizes a helper class for building process lists.
ProcessList
public abstract class ProcessList
{
// process package name
public static final String COLUMN_PROCESS_NAME = "process";
// TODO: arbitrary property (can be user-fiendly name)
public static final String COLUMN_PROCESS_PROP = "property";
// number of times a process has been activated
public static final String COLUMN_PROCESS_COUNT = "count";
// number of seconds a process was in foreground
public static final String COLUMN_PROCESS_TIME = "time";
private ContextWrapper context;
ProcessList(ContextWrapper context)
{
this.context = context;
}
protected abstract boolean isFilteredByName(String pack);
public void fillProcessList(ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>> processList, ArrayList<String> packages)
{
ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
List<RunningAppProcessInfo> procInfo = activityManager.getRunningAppProcesses();
HashMap<String, Object> hm;
final PackageManager pm = context.getApplicationContext().getPackageManager();
for(int i = 0; i < procInfo.size(); i++)
{
String process = procInfo.get(i).processName;
String packageList = Arrays.toString(procInfo.get(i).pkgList);
if(!packageList.contains(process))
{
process = procInfo.get(i).pkgList[0];
}
if(!packages.contains(process) && !isFilteredByName(process))
{
ApplicationInfo ai;
String applicationName = "";
for(int k = 0; k < procInfo.get(i).pkgList.length; k++)
{
String thisPackage = procInfo.get(i).pkgList[k];
try
{
ai = pm.getApplicationInfo(thisPackage, 0);
}
catch(final NameNotFoundException e)
{
ai = null;
}
if(k > 0) applicationName += " / ";
applicationName += (String)(ai != null ? pm.getApplicationLabel(ai) : "(unknown)");
}
packages.add(process);
hm = new HashMap<String, Object>();
hm.put(COLUMN_PROCESS_NAME, process);
hm.put(COLUMN_PROCESS_PROP, applicationName);
processList.add(hm);
}
}
// optional sorting
Comparator<HashMap<String, Object>> comparator = new Comparator<HashMap<String, Object>>()
{
public int compare(HashMap<String, Object> object1, HashMap<String, Object> object2)
{
return ((String)object1.get(COLUMN_PROCESS_NAME)).compareToIgnoreCase((String)object2.get(COLUMN_PROCESS_NAME));
}
};
Collections.sort(processList, comparator);
packages.clear();
for(HashMap<String, Object> e : processList)
{
packages.add((String)e.get(COLUMN_PROCESS_NAME));
}
}
}
Finally, the manifest.
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.yourpackage"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="18" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_TASKS" />
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name=".MonitorActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name=".MonitorService" />
</application>
</manifest>
As you may see, it's already a lot of code. It's partially extracted from a working application, but I made fast changes for your needs, so there may be typos, all imports are skipped, etc. Nevertheless, I hope this helps a bit.
ADDENDUM: Lollipop+
Beware: the latest Android versions broke the abovementioned approach. Here is what the official documentation says about getRunningTasks method and others:
As of LOLLIPOP, this method is no longer available to third party applications: the introduction of document-centric recents means it can leak person information to the caller. For backwards compatibility, it will still retu rn a small subset of its data: at least the caller's own tasks, and possibly some other tasks such as home that are known to not be sensitive.
I think this is an overkill and could be done in much more selective and convenient way. Not to mention that this seems too theatrical considering many built-in features from Google with privacy concerns. Anyway, we can do nothing with this.
The only workaround is to implement Android accessibility service (more info here and here) and intercept all actions with applications gaining and losing focus from there. The user should enable the service manually! Your application should somehow direct the user to do so.
My Thoughts,
Develop application that makes some of their data public to other process to access them.
Google "How to use content providers".
Each of your application will need to keep record of all the activity they performed. This data will be public to be accessed.
You dont need to run a service all the time for this then. Whenever your monitoring app gets opened. It just need to fetch that data from all the applications you want and display them accordingly.
For a case you want to submit that data on server periodically in background. Then you need a service. But still you dont need to run it forever. Do something like this.
i) From service fetch data and upload to server.
ii) Stop service and schedule an alarm after some time T1 to start your own service again to do step 1 again.
iii) T1 depends on requirement. How refresh data you want on server.
I can even tell you code pieces pointer if you want for how to implement what i said above. But i suggest you to find that on google and do it yourself first. Post another specific question on StackOverflow if you face any difficulty in that.
Hope this helps. :)
Edit:
Firstly. Its only you who has to code in the end. Take pointer and help from here. Dont expect full code. Check more details below.
A)
You need to make your apps as Content Provider. Check the link below. and follow the examples in it. You will end up in a app whose data will be available to others. Its easy go ahead.
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-provider-creating.html
http://www.vogella.com/articles/AndroidSQLite/article.html
All your games app needs to make data public to be accessed. Now once you are done with this.
Now you just need to access all the data in your monitoring app and display it.
B)
As i said if you want to do this via service. You dont need to run it forever. Just start service for once, loads the data from content provider and do whatever you want to do. Set an alarm to invoke the service at a later stage to re do the same operation.
I assume if every 10 min your service can fetch data from content provider(Your games app that you want to monitor). It will be like following.
public class MonitoringService extends Service {
private static final String ACTION_FETCH = "action_fetch";
private static final int REPEAT_DATALOAD_INTERVAL_MS = 10 * 60 * 1000; // 10 Min
private static PendingIntent makeSelfPendingIntent(Context context) {
PendingIntent intent = PendingIntent.getService(
context, 0, makeSelfIntent(context), 0);
return intent;
}
private static Intent makeSelfIntent(Context context) {
Intent intent = new Intent(context, MonitoringService.class);
intent.setAction(ACTION_FETCH);
return intent;
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
if (intent != null && intent.getAction() != null) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (action.equals(ACTION_FETCH)) {
loadDataFromContentProviderDoWhateverYouWantThen();
setAlarmToRedoLoad();
stopSelf();
}
}
return Super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
private void setAlarmToRedoLoad() {
AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager)
getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
alarmManager.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,
System.currentTimeMillis() + REPEAT_DATALOAD_INTERVAL_MS,
makeSelfPendingIntent(getApplicationContext()));
}
private void loadDataFromContentProviderDoWhateverYouWantThen(){
check this link how to load data from content provider.
as your games app are content providers. It should be loaded easily.
then do whatever you want display, upload anything
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-provider-basics.html
}
// Call this method from onCreate of your monitoring app
public static void start(Context context) {
Intent intent = makeSelfIntent(context);
context.startService(intent);
}
}
C) make sure you allow user of your monitoring app to stop this service anytime. Dont forget to cancel alarm in that case. so it dont run in background forever.
D) You can also make things broadcast based. Whenever your games app saves data they should broadcast this event and let your service gets invoked after listening that broadcast. loads it then only.
E) As Phill also stated you can go for Google Analytics as well.
How you want to actually do this is now depends on your requirement
Hope this helps. Try it out and let me know what more issue you are facing
To get the current running application you can use:
ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Activity.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
String packageName = am.getRunningTasks(1).get(0).topActivity.getPackageName();
You can check this periodically from your running service. You will need also define a required permission in your manifest: android.permission.GET_TASKS
Use this example code it is for checking if the browser is running
ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) this.getSystemService( ACTIVITY_SERVICE );
List<RunningAppProcessInfo> procInfos = actvityManager.getRunningAppProcesses();
for(int i = 0; i < procInfos.size(); i++){
if(procInfos.get(i).processName.equals("com.android.browser")) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Browser is running", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
To create a service you have to create a class that extends from Service base class and implement the function in an infinite loop such as while(true) in the onStartCommand() function. don't forget to add your service in the manifest file between <service></service> tags , a good tutorial is on http://www.vogella.com/articles/AndroidServices/article.html