How to list all files in a Windows SMB network share

Try the command: smbclient //HOST/PATH -c 'recurse;ls' PASS -U USER

I would use:

sudo smbmount //server/SHARED_FOLDER /local/folder
cd /local/folder
ls -R

Obviously, add your preferred ls flags into the command (so, for me, I would use ls -lahR, but that's a personal preference).