How to not marshal an empty struct into JSON with Go?

As the docs say, "any nil pointer." -- make the struct a pointer. Pointers have obvious "empty" values: nil.

Fix - define the type with a struct pointer field:

type Result struct {
    Data       *MyStruct `json:"data,omitempty"`
    Status     string    `json:"status,omitempty"`
    Reason     string    `json:"reason,omitempty"`
}

Then a value like this:

result := Result{}

Will marshal as:

{}

Explanation: Notice the *MyStruct in our type definition. JSON serialization doesn't care whether it is a pointer or not -- that's a runtime detail. So making struct fields into pointers only has implications for compiling and runtime).

Just note that if you do change the field type from MyStruct to *MyStruct, you will need pointers to struct values to populate it, like so:

Data: &MyStruct{ /* values */ }

As @chakrit mentioned in a comment, you can't get this to work by implementing json.Marshaler on MyStruct, and implementing a custom JSON marshalling function on every struct that uses it can be a lot more work. It really depends on your use case as to whether it's worth the extra work or whether you're prepared to live with empty structs in your JSON, but here's the pattern I use applied to Result:

type Result struct {
    Data       MyStruct
    Status     string   
    Reason     string    
}

func (r Result) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
    return json.Marshal(struct {
        Data     *MyStruct   `json:"data,omitempty"`
        Status   string      `json:"status,omitempty"`
        Reason   string      `json:"reason,omitempty"`
    }{
        Data:   &r.Data,
        Status: r.Status,
        Reason: r.Reason,
    })        
}

func (r *Result) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
    decoded := new(struct {
        Data     *MyStruct   `json:"data,omitempty"`
        Status   string      `json:"status,omitempty"`
        Reason   string      `json:"reason,omitempty"`
    })
    err := json.Unmarshal(b, decoded)
    if err == nil {
        r.Data = decoded.Data
        r.Status = decoded.Status
        r.Reason = decoded.Reason
    }
    return err
}

If you have huge structs with many fields this can become tedious, especially changing a struct's implementation later, but short of rewriting the whole json package to suit your needs (not a good idea), this is pretty much the only way I can think of getting this done while still keeping a non-pointer MyStruct in there.

Also, you don't have to use inline structs, you can create named ones. I use LiteIDE with code completion though, so I prefer inline to avoid clutter.