How to tell if glibc is used

Checking for preprocessor macros is not a good solution. uClibc and possibly other libc implementations define macros to mimic glibc (without providing all of its bloated functionality) for much the same reasons that all browsers include "Mozilla" in their User-Agent strings: broken programs that expect to see glibc and turn off lots of features if they don't see it.

Instead you should write a configure script to probe for backtrace and use it only if it's available.

There are the #defines __GNU_LIBRARY__, __GLIBC__ and __GLIBC_MINOR__ (6, 2 and 11 on my system with glibc-2.11) in features.h.

Include features.h, it contains the macros you need, e.g.

#define __GNU_LIBRARY__ 6

/* Major and minor version number of the GNU C library package.  Use
   these macros to test for features in specific releases.  */
#define __GLIBC__       2
#define __GLIBC_MINOR__ 4