Add ORCiD logo to moderncv using classic style

This is how I did it on my CV.

It should be enough to define a new social line with \newcommand*\orcidsocialsymbol{{\aiOrcid}~} (from academicons or whatever font you want), and then to use it with \social[orcid][https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000]{0000-0000-0000-0000}.

Note that you should use LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX to use academicons.

%!TEX program = lualatex
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,nolmodern,roman]{moderncv}
\moderncvtheme[blue]{classic}

\usepackage{fontspec}

% Define ORCID symbol
\usepackage{academicons}
\newcommand*\orcidsocialsymbol{{\aiOrcid}~}


\firstname{Name}
\familyname{Family Name}
\title{Curriculum Vitæ}
\social[orcid][https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000]{0000-0000-0000-0000}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\section{Education}
\cventry{2015--2019}{Ph.\ D.\ in software engineering}{}{}{}{}
\end{document}

Well, that is an old answer of me you are trying ... Glad to see that ...

For the symbol for Orcid you need to use package academicons. Because this package already contains pretty symbols for GoogleScholar and ResearchGate you should better use the following commands for the symbols

\newcommand*\orcidsocialsymbol{{\aiOrcid}~} % <=========================
\newcommand*\googlescholarsocialsymbol{{\aiGoogleScholar}~} % <========= \aiGoogleScholarSquare
\newcommand*\researchgatesocialsymbol{{\aiResearchGate}~}   % <========= \aiResearchGateSquare

and then you can use the following redefinement:

\RenewDocumentCommand{\social}{O{}O{}m}{%
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#2}{}}%
    { 
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{linkedin}}{\collectionadd[linkedin]{socials}{\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.linkedin.com/in/#3}}}{}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{twitter}} {\collectionadd[twitter]{socials} {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.twitter.com/#3}}}    {}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{github}}  {\collectionadd[github]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.github.com/#3}}}     {}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{orcid}}   {\collectionadd[orcid]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{orcid.org/#3}}}     {}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{googlescholar}}   {\collectionadd[googlescholar]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.googlescholar.com/profile/#3}}}     {}% <======================
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{researchgate}}   {\collectionadd[researchgate]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.researchgate.com/profile/#3}}}     {}% <==========================
    }
    {\collectionadd[#1]{socials}{\protect\httpslink[#3]{#2}}}}

With XeLaTeX you can compile this without errors, with LuaLaTeX you will get 100 warnings about using microtype, called in class moderncv ... So I used XeLaTeX for the following MWE

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}

% moderncv themes
\moderncvstyle{classic} % casual, classic, banking, oldstyle and fancy % head 1, body 1      moderncvcollection moderncviconsmarvosym
\moderncvcolor{blue} 

%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % <============= not needed with lualatex or xelatex

\usepackage[scale=0.75]{geometry}

\usepackage{academicons} % <=============== needs lualatex or xelatex

% makes a https hyperlink
% usage: \httpslink[optional text]{link}
\newcommand*{\httpslink}[2][]{% <=======================================
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}%
    {\href{https://#2}{#2}}%
    {\href{https://#2}{#1}}}

\newcommand*\orcidsocialsymbol{{\aiOrcid}~} % <=========================
\newcommand*\googlescholarsocialsymbol{{\aiGoogleScholar}~} % <========= \aiGoogleScholarSquare
\newcommand*\researchgatesocialsymbol{{\aiResearchGate}~}   % <========= \aiResearchGateSquare

\RenewDocumentCommand{\social}{O{}O{}m}{%
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#2}{}}%
    { 
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{linkedin}}{\collectionadd[linkedin]{socials}{\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.linkedin.com/in/#3}}}{}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{twitter}} {\collectionadd[twitter]{socials} {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.twitter.com/#3}}}    {}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{github}}  {\collectionadd[github]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.github.com/#3}}}     {}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{orcid}}   {\collectionadd[orcid]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{orcid.org/#3}}}     {}%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{googlescholar}}   {\collectionadd[googlescholar]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.googlescholar.com/profile/#3}}}     {}% <======================
      \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{researchgate}}   {\collectionadd[researchgate]{socials}  {\protect\httpslink[#3]{www.researchgate.com/profile/#3}}}     {}% <==========================
    }
    {\collectionadd[#1]{socials}{\protect\httpslink[#3]{#2}}}}


% personal data
\name{John}{Doe}
\title{Resumé title}
\address{street and number}{postcode city}{country}
\phone[mobile]{+1~(234)~567~890}
\phone[fixed]{+2~(345)~678~901}
\phone[fax]{+3~(456)~789~012}
\email{[email protected]}
\homepage{www.johndoe.com}
\social[linkedin]{john.doe}
\social[twitter]{jdoe}
\social[github]{jdoe}
\social[orcid]{0000-0000-0000-0000}
\social[googlescholar]{john.doe}
\social[researchgate]{john.doe}
\extrainfo{additional information}
\quote{Some quote}

\setlength{\footskip}{66pt} 


\begin{document}

\makecvtitle

\section{Education}
\cventry{year--year}{Degree}{Institution--3}{City--4}{\textit{Grade}--5}{Description--6}  % arguments 3 to 6 can be left empty
\cventry{year--year}{Degree}{Institution}{City}{\textit{Grade}}{Description}

\section{Master thesis}
\cvitem{title}{\emph{Title}}
\cvitem{supervisors}{Supervisors}
\cvitem{description}{Short thesis abstract}

\section{Experience}
\subsection{Vocational}
\cventry{year--year}{Job title}{Employer}{City}{}{General description 
  no longer than 1--2 lines.\newline{}%
Detailed achievements:%
\begin{itemize}%
\item Achievement 1;
\item Achievement 2, with sub-achievements:
  \begin{itemize}%
  \item Sub-achievement (a);
  \item Sub-achievement (b), with sub-sub-achievements (don't do this!);
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Sub-sub-achievement i;
    \item Sub-sub-achievement ii;
    \item Sub-sub-achievement iii;
    \end{itemize}
  \item Sub-achievement (c);
  \end{itemize}
\item Achievement 3.
\end{itemize}}
\cventry{year--year}{Job title}{Employer}{City}{}{Description 
  line 1\newline{}Description line 2}
\subsection{Miscellaneous}
\cventry{year--year}{Job title}{Employer}{City}{}{Description}

\section{Languages}
\cvitemwithcomment{Language 1}{Skill level}{Comment}
\cvitemwithcomment{\textbf{Language} 2}{\textbf{Skill} level}{Comment}
\cvitemwithcomment{Language 3}{Skill level}{Comment}

\section{Computer skills}
\cvdoubleitem{category 1}{XXX, YYY, ZZZ}{category 4}{XXX, YYY, ZZZ}
\cvdoubleitem{category 2}{XXX, YYY, ZZZ}{category 5}{XXX, YYY, ZZZ}
\cvdoubleitem{category 3}{XXX, YYY, ZZZ}{category 6}{XXX, YYY, ZZZ}

\section{Interests}
\cvitem{hobby 1}{Description}
\cvitem{hobby 2}{Description}
\cvitem{hobby 3}{Description}

\section{Extra 1}
\cvlistitem{Item 1}
\cvlistitem{Item 2}
\cvlistitem{Item 3. This item is particularly long and therefore 
  normally spans over several lines. Did you notice the indentation 
  when the line wraps?}

\section{Extra 2}
\cvlistdoubleitem{Item 1}{Item 4}
\cvlistdoubleitem{Item 2}{Item 5}
\cvlistdoubleitem{Item 3}{Item 6. Like item 3 in the single column list before, this item is particularly long to wrap over several lines.}

\section{References}
\begin{cvcolumns}
  \cvcolumn{Category 1}{\begin{itemize}\item Person 1\item Person 2\item Person 3\end{itemize}}
  \cvcolumn{Category 2}{Amongst others:\begin{itemize}\item Person 1, and\item Person 2\end{itemize}(more upon request)}
  \cvcolumn[0.5]{All the rest \& some more}{\textit{That} person, and \textbf{those} also (all available upon request).}
\end{cvcolumns}

\end{document}

and its result:

resulting pdf

So you did not need to use the old images and I did not investigate where the error you got comes from ...

Please see that I keeped the code for https:// instead http:// because https:// is the correct protocol used today ...