cannot find uploaded image when using Azure Storage Emulator in local machine

That is happening because containers by default turn off public read access. You will be able to access the blob from the browser if you change the Public Read Access property to Container using the Visual Studio Server Explorer

Or if you want to do this in code via the SDK add the following line before you create the container.

        //Create container
        container.SetPermissions(new BlobContainerPermissions { PublicAccess = BlobContainerPublicAccessType.Container });
        container.CreateIfNotExists();

Another way of doing it is directly trough Microsoft Azure Storage Explorer. Right click on your blob container and select Set Public Access Level...

Microsoft Azure Storage Explorer