Entity framework query on just added but not saved values

I think this is a good situation for Transactions. I am going to assume you are using EF 6 since you did not provide a version. =)

UPDATE2 changes

public void BulkInsertObj(List<TEntity> objList)
{
    using (var context = new dbContext()) 
    { 
        using (var dbContextTransaction = context.Database.BeginTransaction()) 
        {  
            try 
            { 
                foreach(var obj1 in objList)
                {
                    dbContext.MyTable.Add(obj1);

                    //obj1 should be on the context now 
                    var previousEntity = dbContext.MyTable.Where(.....) //However you determine this
                    previousEntity.field = something

                    var nextEntity = dbContext.MyTable.Where(.....) //However you determine this
                    nextEntity.field = somethingElse
                }

                context.SaveChanges(); 
                dbContextTransaction.Commit(); 
            } 
            catch (Exception) 
            { 
                dbContextTransaction.Rollback(); 
            } 
        } 
    } 
}

MSDN EF6 Transactions

You should be able to get your added entities out of the dbContext via the change tracker like this:

 var addedEntities = dbContext.ChangeTracker.Entries()
   .Where(x => x.State == EntityState.Added && x.Entity is Mytable)
   .Select(x => x.Entity as MyTable)
   .Where(t => --criteria--);

Or using the type testing with pattern matching in c# 7.0:

var addedEntities = dbContext.ChangeTracker.Entries()
   .Where(x => x.State == EntityState.Added && x.Entity is Mytable t && --test t for criteria--)
   .Select(x => x.Entity as MyTable);

because you are only querying added entities, you can combine this with

dbContext.MyTable.Where(t => --criteria--).ToList().AddRange(addedEntities);

to get all of the relevant objects