How to draw a maple leaf in TikZ?

Oak Leaf only with basic function of Tikz

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}

\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[scale=3,domain=0:180,variable=\t, samples=500]
plot (%
{1/100*(cos(\t))^9*(cos(5*\t))^10 +1/4*sin(2*\t)*(1-1/2*(sin(10*\t))^2)*(1-(cos(\t)*cos(3*\t))^8)
},{
sin(\t)*(1-1/5*(sin(10*\t)^2*(1/2+(sin(2*\t)^2)
});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Simply based on rpapa's answer and the formulas in the question, here is a working .tex file which can be compiled with pdflatex:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}

\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[scale=3, domain=0:180, variable=\t, samples=500, fill=red]
plot (%
{
(
1
+
(cos(6*\t))^2
+
(1/5)*(cos(6*\t)*cos(24*\t))^10
+
( (1/4)*(cos(30*\t))^2 + (1/9)*(cos(30*\t))^12) *  (1-(sin(6*\t))^10)
)
*(sin(2*\t))
*(1-(cos(\t))^4)
*(1 - (cos(\t))^10 * (cos(3*\t))^2)
+(1/70)*(cos(\t))^9
}
,
{
(-21/20)*cos(2*\t)*(1 - (cos(\t))^4 + (1/2)*(cos(\t)*cos(3*\t))^10)
*
(
1
+
(cos(6*\t))^2
+
(1/5)*(cos(6*\t)*cos(18*\t))^10
+
( (1/4)*(cos(30*\t))^4 + (1/10)*(cos(30*\t))^12 )
*
( 1 - ((cos(\t))^10) * (cos(3*\t))^2 )
*
( 1 - (sin(6*\t))^10 )
)
}
);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

I left in my original line-breaks and potentially unnecessary parentheses.

Notes:

I recommend qtikz or ktikz on GNU/Linux to easily preview TikZ pictures.

Also, when copying the formulas, make sure to always add a "*" between numbers and "\t". I am not sure why it is necessary, but TikZ seems to read things like "6\t" wrong without giving any errors.