How to read and write data to COM/Serial ports in Android?

Your problem is one with operating systems. Android runs Linux under the hood, and Linux treats serial ports differently than Windows does. javax.comm also contains win32com.dll, a driver file, which you won't be able to install on an Android device. If you do find a way to achieve what you're trying to do, you can't actually look for a "COM" port in a Linux environment. The serial ports will go by different names.

 Windows Com Port   Linux equivalent  
      COM 1           /dev/ttyS0  
      COM 2           /dev/ttyS1
      COM 3           /dev/ttyS2 

So, hypothetically, if your idea were to work, you have to look for these names.

Luckily for you, Android does have provisions for interfacing with USB devices (Which I assume you want to connect to, as opposed to parallel or RS-232 ports). To do this, you will set up your device as a USB Host. Here's what you'll want to do:

1. Get a USBManager.
2. Find your device.
3. Get the USBInterface and USBEndpoint.
4. Open a connection.
5. Transfer data.

Here's my rough estimate of how you'll do it. Your code will, of course, have a more mature way of doing things.

String YOUR_DEVICE_NAME;
byte[] DATA;
int TIMEOUT;

USBManager manager = getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
Map<String, USBDevice> devices = manager.getDeviceList();
USBDevice mDevice = devices.get(YOUR_DEVICE_NAME);
USBDeviceConnection connection = manager.openDevice(mDevice);
USBEndpoint endpoint = device.getInterface(0).getEndpoint(0);

connection.claimInterface(device.getInterface(0), true);
connection.bulkTransfer(endpoint, DATA, DATA.length, TIMEOUT);

Extra material for your reading pleasure: http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/usb/host.html

I am no expert, but for all those who are looking to connect serial RS-232 ports or open a serial port and can't find their device trough the UsbManager, you can find all your devices using an approach like this:

mDrivers = new Vector<Driver>();
LineNumberReader r = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader("/proc/tty/drivers"));
String l;
while ((l = r.readLine()) != null) {
    String drivername = l.substring(0, 0x15).trim();
    String[] w = l.split(" +");
    if ((w.length >= 5) && (w[w.length - 1].equals("serial"))) {
        mDrivers.add(new Driver(drivername, w[w.length - 4]));
    }
}

After finding all drivers, iterate trough all the drivers to get all of your devices, using something like this:

mDevices = new Vector<File>();
File dev = new File("/dev");

File[] files = dev.listFiles();


if (files != null) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
        if (files[i].getAbsolutePath().startsWith(mDeviceRoot)) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Found new device: " + files[i]);
            mDevices.add(files[i]);
        }
    }
}

Here is the Driver class constructor, with two member variables:

public Driver(String name, String root) {
    mDriverName = name;
    mDeviceRoot = root;
}

For opening a serial port you can use the Android SerialPort API. Simply open the serial port at your device and write. (You must know your device path and baud rate. For example, my device is ttyMt2 with baud Rate 96000.)

int baudRate = Integer.parseInt("96000");
mSerialPort = new SerialPort(mDevice.getPath(), baudRate, 0);
mOutputStream = mSerialPort.getOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = hexStr2bytes("31CE");
mOutputStream.write(bytes);

Instead of wasting time on this code, you can download the complete project from https://github.com/licheedev/Android-SerialPort-Tool.